The Diary of a Young Girl. The Diary of a Young Girl (also known as The Diary of Anne Frank) is a book of the writings from the Dutch languagediary kept by Anne Frank while she was in hiding for two years with her family during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands. The family was apprehended in 1. Anne Frank died of typhus in the Bergen- Belsen concentration camp. The diary was retrieved by Miep Gies, who gave it to Anne's father, Otto Frank, the family's only known survivor, just after the war was over. The diary has since been published in more than 6. First published under the title Het Achterhuis. Dagboekbrieven 1. Juni 1. 94. 2 – 1 Augustus 1. The Annex: Diary Notes 1. June 1. 94. 2 – 1 August 1. Contact Publishing in Amsterdam in 1. English language translation Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl by Doubleday & Company (United States) and Valentine Mitchell (United Kingdom) in 1. Its popularity inspired the 1. The Diary of Anne Frank by the screenwriters Frances Goodrich and Albert Hackett, which they adapted for the screen for the 1. The book is included in several lists of the top books of the 2. The copyright of the Dutch version of the diary, published in 1. January 2. 01. 6, 7. European Union. Following this, the original Dutch version was made available online.[7]Background[edit]During the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands, Anne Frank received a blank diary as one of her presents on June 1. According to the Anne Frank House, the red, checkered autograph book which Anne used as her diary was actually not a surprise, since she had chosen it the day before with her father when browsing a bookstore near her home.[9] She began to write in it on June 1. On July 5, 1. 94. Anne's older sister Margot received an official summons to report to a Nazi work camp in Germany, and on July 6, Margot and Anne went into hiding with their father Otto and mother Edith. They were joined by Hermann van Pels, Otto's business partner, including his wife Auguste and their teenage son Peter.[1. Their hiding place was in the sealed- off upper rooms of the annex at the back of Otto's company building in Amsterdam.[1. Otto Frank started his business, named Opekta, in 1. He was licensed to manufacture and sell pectin, a substance used to make jam. He stopped running his business while everybody was in hiding. But once he returned, he found his employees running it. The rooms that everybody hid in were concealed behind a movable bookcase in the same building as Opekta. Mrs. van Pels's dentist, Fritz Pfeffer, joined them four months later. In the published version, names were changed: the van Pelses are known as the Van Daans, and Fritz Pfeffer as Albert Dussel. With the assistance of a group of Otto Frank's trusted colleagues, they remained hidden for two years and one month. In August 1. 94. 4, they were discovered and deported to Nazi concentration camps.
They were long thought to have been betrayed, although there are indications that their discovery may have been accidental, that the police raid had actually targeted "ration fraud".[1. Of the eight people, only Otto Frank survived the war. Anne died when she was 1. Bergen- Belsen, from typhus. The exact date of her death is unknown and has long been believed to be in early March, a few weeks before the prisoners were liberated by British troops in April 1. However, new research in 2. Anne may have died as early as February.[1. Dr. Robert Levin, Director of Education for the Anne Frank Center USA, discusses the diary of Anne Frank. Images © AFF Basel/AFS Amsterdam, all rights reserved. Anne Frank, the Diary and the Secret Annex. The most complete and current information with unique photos and film images. A decision to add Anne Frank’s father as a co-author on her famous diary in order to extend its European copyright is stirring considerable controversy. In manuscript, her original diaries are written over three extant volumes. The first volume (the red- and- white checkered autograph book) covers the period between June 1. December 5, 1. 94. Since the second surviving volume (a school exercise book) begins on December 2. April 1. 7, 1. 94. December 1. 94. 2 and December 1. Nazi instructions. However, this missing period is covered in the version Anne rewrote for preservation. The third existing volume (which was also a school exercise book) contains entries from April 1. August 1, 1. 94. 4, when Anne wrote for the last time before her arrest.[1. The manuscript, written on loose sheets of paper, was found strewn on the floor of the hiding place by Miep Gies and Bep Voskuijl after the family's arrest,[1. Dutch police and the Gestapo. They were kept safe and given to Otto Frank after the war, with the original notes, when Anne's death was confirmed in the autumn of 1. The diary is not written in the classic forms of "Dear Diary" or as letters to oneself; Anne calls her diary "Kitty", so almost all of the letters are written to Kitty. Anne used the above- mentioned names for her annex- mates in the first volume, from September 2. November 1. 3, 1. It is believed that these names were taken from characters found in a series of popular Dutch books written by Cissy van Marxveldt.[1. Anne's already budding literary ambitions were galvanized on 2. March 1. 94. 4 when she heard a London radio broadcast made by the exiled Dutch Minister for Education, Art, and Science, Gerrit Bolkestein,[1. Nazi occupation. On May 2. She expanded entries and standardized them by addressing all of them to Kitty, clarified situations, prepared a list of pseudonyms, and cut scenes she thought would be of little interest or too intimate for general consumption. By the time she started the second existing volume, she was writing only to Kitty. Dear Kitty[edit]There has been much conjecture about the identity or inspiration of Kitty, who in Anne's revised manuscript is the sole recipient of her letters. In 1. 99. 6, the critic Sietse van der Hoek wrote that the name referred to Kitty Egyedi, a prewar friend of Anne's. Van der Hoek may have been informed by the publication A Tribute to Anne Frank (1. Anne Frank Foundation, which assumed a factual basis for the character in its preface by the then- chairman of the Foundation, Henri van Praag, and accentuated this with the inclusion of a group photograph that singles out Anne, Sanne Ledermann, Hanneli Goslar, and Kitty Egyedi. Anne does not mention Kitty Egyedi in any of her writings (in fact, the only other girl mentioned in her diary from the often reproduced photo, other than Goslar and Ledermann, is Mary Bos, whose drawings Anne dreamed about in 1. Anne's writing unposted letters to a real friend are two farewell letters to Jacqueline van Maarsen, from September 1. Theodor Holman wrote in reply to Sietse van der Hoek that the diary entry for 2. September 1. 94. 2 proved conclusively the character's fictional origin.[citation needed] Jacqueline van Maarsen agreed,[citation needed] but Otto Frank assumed his daughter had her real acquaintance in mind when she wrote to someone of the same name.[citation needed] However, Kitty Egyedi said in an interview that she was flattered by the assumption, but doubted the diary was addressed to her: “Kitty became so idealized and started to lead her own life in the diary that it ceases to matter who is meant by 'Kitty'. The name .. is not meant to be me.”— Kitty Egyedi[2. Synopsis[edit]Anne had expressed the desire in the rewritten introduction of her diary for one person that she could call her truest friend, that is, a person to whom she could confide her deepest thoughts and feelings. She observed that she had many "friends" and equally many admirers, but (by her own definition) no true, dear friend with whom she could share her innermost thoughts. She originally thought her girlfriend Jacque van Maarsen would be this person, but that was only partially successful. In an early diary passage, she remarks that she is not in love with Helmut "Hello" Silberberg, her suitor at that time, but considered that he might become a true friend. In hiding, she invested much time and effort into her budding romance with Peter van Pels, thinking he might evolve into that one, true friend, but that was eventually a disappointment to her in some ways, also, though she still cared for him very much. Ultimately, the closest friend Anne had during her short life was her diary, for it was only to Kitty that she entrusted her innermost thoughts. In her diary, Anne wrote of her very close relationship with her father, lack of daughterly love for her mother (with whom she felt she had nothing in common), and admiration for her sister's intelligence and sweet nature. She did not like the others much initially, particularly Auguste van Pels and Fritz Pfeffer (the latter shared her room). She was at first unimpressed by the quiet Peter; she herself was something of a self- admitted chatterbox (a source of irritation to some of the others). As time went on, however, she and Peter became very close, though she remained uncertain in what direction their relationship would develop. Editorial history[edit]There are two versions of the diary written by Anne Frank. She wrote the first version in a designated diary and two notebooks (version A), but rewrote it (version B) in 1. Version B was written on loose paper and is not identical to Version A, as parts were added and others omitted.[2. Publication in Dutch[edit]The first transcription of Anne's diary was in German, made by Otto Frank for his friends and relatives in Switzerland, who convinced him to send it for publication.[2. The second, a composition of Anne Frank's versions A and B as well as excerpts from her essays became the first draft submitted for publication, with an epilogue written by a family friend explaining the fate of its author. In the spring of 1. Dr. Jan Romein and his wife Annie Romein- Verschoor, two Dutch historians. They were so moved by it that Anne Romein made unsuccessful attempts to find a publisher, which led Romein to write an article for the newspaper Het Parool: [2. This apparently inconsequential diary by a child, this "de profundis" stammered out in a child's voice, embodies all the hideousness of fascism, more so than all the evidence of Nuremberg put together.”— Jan Romein in his article "Children's Voice" on Het Parool, April 3, 1.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
March 2019
Categories |